Updated April 23, 2020
Personal protective equipment (PPE) for personnel involved in advanced airway management in cases of known positive or suspected COVID-19 should not replace recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
However, the additional risk of exposure to healthcare personnel involved in advanced airway management for a disease with airborne transmission must be taken into consideration. Past experiences with variations in PPE during other major respiratory diseases in recent history have been published along with recommendations for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Experts have recommended a higher level of PPE for personnel involved in advanced airway management due to limitations of standard PPE, particularly neck and wrist exposure.
Use of an air filtration system, preferably an N95 mask, is recommended by CDC and anesthesia societies and is a minimum requirement for airway management personnel. Proper air filtration is a basic need for healthcare professionals caring for patients with airborne diseases and participating in aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). N95 fit testing should be prioritized for these healthcare professionals. For airway management personnel who do not successfully fit test, ideally a hooded Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) should serve as the alternative; otherwise, a CAPR respirator can be used if a hooded PAPR is not available.
Basic features of PPE for airway management personnel are IN ADDITION to CDC recommendations for PPE and airborne, droplet, and contact precautions which may include:
- Second layer of eye/face protection
- Neck coverage
- Second layer of long gloves
This level of PPE is not universally recommended by societies and other organizations. Advanced skills in airway management are a limited resource, and those with these skills require adequate protection. In addition, anesthesiologists are critical medical specialists who can provide perioperative and critical care as well as pain management during a surge in addition to performing endotracheal intubation when needed.
Implementation of these features will vary given the variability of available PPE between institutions and supply shortages worldwide. It is essential to train airway management staff as soon as possible to develop a local PPE protocol that takes into account CDC and special precautions for high-risk procedures like intubation as described above. Each facility will likely develop its own unique PPE protocol.
The following videos are being shared for educational purposes only. They represent only one example of applying additional precautions to PPE for airway management personnel, and there will be many others. Creating local videos can help expand training at a facility without depleting available PPE supplies. Remember that each institution or practice will develop its own version of PPE for airway management personnel, and many variations can achieve the same goal.
VIDEO: Enhanced Airway PPE Donning (1:52)
VIDEO: Outer Layer Doffing (1:28)
VIDEO: Inner Layer Doffing (2:21)
VIDEO: COVID-19 Airway Management Simulation (1:44)
Other helpful resources:
- Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings from CDC
- Personal protective equipment (PPE) for both anesthesiologists and other airway managers: principles and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Coronavirus – guidance for anaesthesia and perioperative care providers from the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists
- Airway Management Checklist from the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care
- Airway Management Infographic from the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
- Anaesthetic Management Quick Guide from the Association of Anaesthetists
- Coronavirus Resources for Anesthesiologists from the American Society of Anesthesiologists
- COVID-19 Anesthesia Resource Center from the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
- Updated guidance on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for clinicians from Public Health England and associated national critical care and anaesthesia societies